Transition to Zero Energy and Low Carbon Emission in Residential Buildings Located in Tropical and Temperate Climates

Modeste Kameni Nematchoua,Eric Jean Roy Sambatra,Esther Obonyo,Paola Ricciardi,José A Orosa,Sigrid Reiter

doi:10.3390/en14144253

Modeste Kameni Nematchoua, Eric Jean Roy Sambatra + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144253

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Abstract

Different methods to achieve zero-energy and low carbon on the scale of a building are shown by most of the research works. Despite this, the recommendations generally offered by researchers do not always correspond to the realities found during the construction of new buildings in a determined region. Therefore, a standard may not be valid in all climate regions of the world. Being aware of this fact, a study was carried out to analyse the design of new buildings respecting the “zero-energy and low carbon emission” concept in tropical climatic regions when they are compared with a base case of temperate regions. To reach this objective, the comparison between real and simulated data from the different buildings studied was developed. The results showed that the renovation of existing residential buildings allows for reducing up to 35% of energy demand and a great quantity of CO2 emissions in both climate types. Despite this, the investment rate linked to the construction of zero-energy buildings in tropical zones is 12 times lower than in temperate zones and the payback was double. In particular, this effect can be related to the efficiency of photovoltaic panels, which is estimated to be, at least, 34% higher in tropical zones than temperate zones. Finally, this study highlights the interest and methodology to implement zero-energy buildings in tropical regions.

Highlights

Between 2000 and 2020, the average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emitted increased by approximately 2–3% each year [1]
The simulation results of buildings placed in the tropical regions are showed and the sum-up is in Tables 6 and 7
The results showed that the zero-energy building concept is the most likely in the tropical region in favour of its geographical position

Summary

Introduction

Between 2000 and 2020, the average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emitted increased by approximately 2–3% each year [1]. Efforts to reduce the carbon rate have been observed by the most polluting countries with activities like reducing building energy consumption. In Brussels, construction and operation represent 98% of the water flow, 75% of energy demand, 65% of greenhouse gas emissions and about 33% of waste generated each year [5]. In consequence, this city has set itself the ambition of reducing energy consumption up to 30% by 2030 and up to 40% of carbon emissions in the construction sector [5].

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Conclusion