Transition metal-catalyzed carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions using sulfonyl derivatives

Abstract

The goal of this thesis was to find conditions to form C-C double bond and single bond using sulfonyl derivativies, which are arising from the Vogel's oxyallylation cascades. In a second chapter, it is shown that 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonyl fluorides can be easily prepared via the ene reaction of methallylsilanes and SO2 followed by halogenosis (NCS, then KF). In the presence of a base, aldehydes and 2-methylprop-2-ene-1-sulfonyl fluorides give mixture of (1Z)- and (1E)-1-aryl-3-methylbutadienes. Their (Z)→(E) isomerization by classical means fails or leads to their polymerization. We have discovered that SO2 can isomerize 1-aryl-3-methyl-1,3-dienes at low temperature, without formation of sulfolenes (cheletropic addition/elimination). Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that SO2 add to the 1,3-dienes forming 1,4-diradical intermediates that are responsible for the (Z)→(E) isomerizations. In the third chapter, we have shown that arenesulfonyl chlorides are versatile electrophilic reagents for C-C cross-coupling reactions. Arene-, arylmethane- and alk-2-ene-1-sulfonyl chlorides undergo desulfitative Stille, carbonylative Stille, Negishi and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. In these reactions the reactivity order is ArI> ArSO2Cl> ArBr> ArCl. Similarly, desulfitative Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-couplings of arenesulfonyl chlorides with aryl- and alkylacetylenes can be catalyzed by Pd2(dba)3/P(t-Bu)3/CuI. New conditions have been found for the desulfitative Mizoroki-Heck arylation and trifluoromethylation of mono- and disubustituted olefins with arenesulfonyl and trifluoromethanesulfonyl chlorides. This procedure allows one to obtain (E)-1,2-disubstituted alkenes with high stereoselectivity and 1,1,2-disubstituted alkenes with high (E)/(Z) stereoselectivity. If phosphine- and base-free conditions are required, 1 mol% {RhCl(C2H4)2} catalyses the desulfitative cross-coupling reactions. On the contrary to what has been reported for RuCl2(PPh3)2 catalyzed coupling reactions with sulfonyl chlorides, the palladium and rhodium desulfitative Mizoroki-Heck coupling reactions are not inhibited by radical scavenging agents. Moreover, sulfones that are formed from the sulfonylation of alkenes at 60°C can theoretically be envisaged as intermediates in all cross-coupling reactions. However we have shown that they are not desulfitated at higher temperatures in the presence of the Pd or Rh-catalysts. Alk-2-ene-1-sulfonamides can also undergo desulfamylating cross-coupling reaction with Grignard reagents in the presence of a nickel catalyst. In the fouth chapter, we have evaluated the possibility that silyl sulfinates can be used as nucleophilic partners to form C-C bond. Our preliminary results indicate that their hypothesis should be explored further. In a fifth chapter, we have contributed to the development of an efficient one-pot, three component syntheses of sulfonamides and sulfonic esters. We have demonstrated that the ene-reaction of sulfur dioxide with enoxysilanes can be stereoselective under conditions of kinetic control. As others in our laboratory, we have shown that the hetero-Diels-Alder addition of sulfur dioxide to 1-oxy or 1,3-dioxy-1,3-dienes generates zwitterions that add to enoxysilanes or allylsilanes giving silyl sulfinates that can be converted in the same pot into polyfunctional sulfones, sulfonamides or sulfonic esters. Intramolecular S-allylation of intermediate silyl sulfinates has allowed one to prepare new tetrahydro-2H-thiocine derivatives. Our key contribution has been to use enantiomerically enriched amines which has allowed one to obtain enantiomerically enriched polyfunctional sulfonamides.