Abstract
This paper presents a three-dimensional modeling approach to simulate the thermal performance of a Li-ion battery module for a new urban car. A single-battery cell and a 52.3 Ah Li-ion battery module were considered, and a Newman, Tiedemann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) model was adopted for the electrochemical modeling based on input parameters from the discharge experiment. A thermal–electrochemical coupled method was established to provide insight into the temperature variations over time under various discharge conditions. The distribution temperature of a single-battery cell was predicted accurately. Additionally, in a 5C discharge condition without a cooling system, the temperature of the battery module reached 114 °C, and the temperature difference increased to 25 °C under a 5C discharging condition. This condition led to the activation of thermal runaway and the possibility of an explosion. However, the application of a reasonable fan circulation and position reduced the maximum temperature to 49.7 °C under the 5C discharge condition. Moreover, accurate prediction of the temperature difference between cell areas during operation allowed for a clear understanding and design of an appropriate fan system.
Highlights
After more than a century of development and use, the lithium-ion battery is familiar to consumers.It is widely applied in fields related to electronic products and electric vehicles
Regarding the idea of developing a heat management system, some systems have established a criterion [4,5] of maintaining the optimal temperature range between 20 ◦ C and 40 ◦ C
Unevenly generated heat sources should be considered, and appropriate adjustments should be made to ensure that the maximum temperature difference does not exceed 5 ◦ C [6]
Summary
After more than a century of development and use, the lithium-ion battery is familiar to consumers It is widely applied in fields related to electronic products and electric vehicles. In the last few years, a promising market for urban electric cars has emerged, with fierce competition among mobile device manufacturers [1,2,3] This has spurred system-level studies related to optimal small-size battery management to ensure high thermal performance and longevity of lithium-ion batteries. Unevenly generated heat sources should be considered, and appropriate adjustments should be made to ensure that the maximum temperature difference does not exceed 5 ◦ C [6] This is a major challenge under rapid discharge conditions because of the requirement for a high volumetric energy density in electric-drive vehicles. Several effective approaches have been proposed and studied in terms of their production cost
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