Abstract
Protection for transient overvoltage such as those caused by lightning strikes is provided mainly by horn gap protectors, lightning arresters, or transformer rod gaps. The types of transformers are power transformers, autotransformers, and grounding transformers. Several various types of protection are necessary to adequately protect a transformer bank against internal faults within the tank and within the transformer’s overall protection zone. They include differential, overcurrent, and gas protection. Differential protection provides the best overall protection for both phase and ground faults, except where the current is limited by high impedance grounding. Restricted ground fault protection which is a type of differential protection optimized for this purpose works very effectively independent of the main differential protection. Autotransformers do have one significant distinction compared to power transformers. Most modern digital transformer relays are provided with the ability to recognize which on-load tap is being used and compensate internally accordingly.
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