Transformative Spaces: Dr. S. Paramasivan and Conservation Science in India in the Early Twentieth Century

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe tenure of archaeological chemist Dr. S. Paramasivan (1903–1987) at the Chemical Conservation Laboratory of the Madras Government Museum, India, sheds light on the development of the field of conservation science outside the scholarly centers of Europe and North America. Between 1930 and 1946, Paramasivan defined and broadened the role of a scientist responsible for the care and study of cultural heritage. From building and equipping his own laboratories to serve the museum's many departments, to collaborating with scientists, commercial metallurgists, and even religious practitioners across south India, Paramasivan's work is marked by a sense that the conservation scientist could and should practice beyond a laboratory's typical confines. In fact, working in this way created opportunities not only to physically transform ancient objects through conservation interventions, but also transform the understanding of ancient objects. In tracing his correspondence with Rutherford J. Gettens at the Fogg Art Museum, this paper provides insight into the complexity of defining the work of the conservation scientist even at one of the intellectual centers of the nascent field. Reflecting on Paramasivan's early career provides perspective on enduring challenges in conservation, and offers a way forward for a more expansive, collaborative, and community-engaged practice.