Abstract
The thesis examines trends of changes of historic urban structures in rural landscape. The aim is to find out historic urban structures trends of changes and their changes impact on compositional characteristics of rural landscape. The aim is to form the model of protection and regulation directions and the means to implement them for valuable rural historic urban structures. Carried out analysis of literature, according to it, it is set three different degrees of changes of rural historic urban structures: unchanged, partly changed, completely changed. Carried out sociological survey of community and specialists whose results confirm the identified trends. According the results of the survey is formed the conceptional model of protection and regulation directions for valuable rural urban structures. Regulation directions of conceptional model are adapted for selected objects: Kalviai, Čekiškė, Kruonis, choosing them according to the different degree of urban structure changes. By solutions are planned to preserve rural valuable urban structures, to improve the system of public spaces, to highlight the valuable objects revealing the identity of the area in landscape and preserve valuable compositional properties of landscape. Since the middle of the 20th century the significance of the historic towns has changed in the urban cadastre of Lithuania and in the hierarchy system of visual landmarks of landscape. In general, the landscape characteristics of the localities have an impact on the formation of the general vision of the country. Rural areas have accumulated cultural heritage distinguished by worthy characteristics that are considered to be as greatly valuable material to strengthen the identity of the country and to reveal the uniqueness of it. The active demographic, economic, social processes in the country have caused changes in the situation of those towns. Thus, it is important to predict and control the processes of transformations in those areas in order to support and shape the cultural identity of the local communities at the same time to preserve cultural landscape. The objective of the article is to structure the movements and directions to be able to protect valuable rural historic urban structures as well as to suggest measures for their maintenance and implementation, with reference to the theoretical and practical analysis of the available material and the results of the empirical studies,. Research methods applied: a) the analysis of the scientific publications and written works, analysis of legal documents and regulations of the Republic of Lithuania of the international documentation; the analysis of the samples available in Lithuania and overseas; b) a sociological survey of experts and community members by the method of questionnaire; c) the analysis of J. Bučas’s visual characteristics in the landscape ; d) the analysis of historic, iconographic status, current situation and photo fixation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.20.3.18427
Highlights
Transformations of compositional characteristics of urban structure in landscape of historic small towns since the middle of the 20th century
Since the middle of the 20th century, the concept of the significance of historic small towns has changed in the urban framework of Lithuania and in the hierarchy system of visual landmarks of landscape
In the Soviet period the transformations of the spatial structure of small towns and their visual value were determined by the advanced engineering system, new methods of agricultural commodities production, increased domestic and cultural needs and demands
Summary
To adequately coordinate and synchronize the application of new functions in the historic urban structure of traditional settlements there the comprehensive scientific approaches were pursued in order to determine the formation of the architectural and spatial structure as well as the cultural-domestic, municipal maintenance needs of the population and the recommendations were prepared (Preparation..., 1970; Recommendations.., 1975; Recommendations..., 1973; Towns..., 1960) The intensions of such studies were the following:. Criteria of selection of historic small towns for the analysis included: 1) distance from the largest cities; 2) homogenous, undivided urban structures; 3) evident stages of the development of the urban structure; 4) visibility of the rural location, visible silhouette of the rural location; 5) diverse natural situation: on the plains, hilly terrain; 6) rural area next to the developed habitat of the country (according to the General Plan of Lithuania); 7) existence/absence of cultural heritage objects; 8) the position of the manor of not being involved in the urban structure development. Five small towns selected are presented ion the table 1
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