Transfer of lumbosacral load to iliac bones and legs: Part 2: Loading of the sacroiliac joints when lifting in a stooped posture

Abstract

We developed a biomechanical model of load transfer by the sacroiliac joints in relation to posture. A description is given of two ways in which the transfer of lumbar load to the pelvis in a stooped posture can take place. One way concerns ligament and muscle forces that act on the sacrum, raising the tendency of the sacrum to flex in relation to the hip bones. The other refers to ligament and muscle forces acting on the iliac crests, raising the tendency of the sacrum to shift in caudal direction in relation to the hip bones. Both loading modes deal with the self-bracing mechanism that comes into action to prevent shear in the sacroiliac joints. When a person is lifting a load while in a stooped posture, the force raised by gravity acting in a plane perpendicular to the spine and the sacrum becomes of interest. In this situation a belt such as used by weight lifters may contribute to the stability of the sacroiliac joints. Verification of the biomechanical model is based on anatomical studies and on load application to human specimens. Magnetic resonance imaging pictures have been taken to verify geometry in vivo.