Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of biodegradable and yet renewable thermoplastics materials through a transesterification reaction of sago starch and waste palm cooking oil (WPO) in densified CO2 as the solvent is reported. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential used of sago starch and WPO as raw materials in the thermoplastics starch synthesis. The starch esters was successfully synthesized using sago starch and WPO as reagent in densified CO2 as shown from the presence of carbonyl group (C=O, 1743 cm-1) in the FT-IR spectra coupled with the presence of the proton (1H-NMR) of the fatty acid in the starch backbone (0.8 – 2 ppm). The product crystallinity decreases as shown in XRD results and resulting with a change in the thermal properties (melting and crystalline temperature) of the products. In addition, the products show a different granular morphology and a higher hydrophobicity compared with native sago starch. This research shows the potential used of sago starch and WPO in the thermoplastics starch synthesis and opens a new perspective on the product application.
Highlights
Plastics have become indispensable material for daily human activities
A systematic study were done in order to investigate the effect of pressure and catalyst ratio on the reactivity as shown by the changes in the ester content (EC)
Additional peak at 1743 cm-1 is occurred in the spectra of the products corresponds to the presence of carbonyl (C=O) group in the product [4]
Summary
Plastics have become indispensable material for daily human activities. This is supported by the fact that number of plastics production increases significantly in the past 20 years, from only about 100 million tons in 1990 and already reach 311 million tons in 2014 [1]. The huge amount of plastics production and their utilization have caused two major problems. Most of plastics are synthesized using precursor derived from the fossil fuel. 100 million barrels of oil are used to synthesize 8 million tons of plastics [1]. The high demand of fossil fuel for plastics production may cause a problem due to the limited amount of fossil fuel available in the world
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