Abstract
Foeniculum vulgare Mill., family Umbelliferae, is well known for its essential oil. One of the major components of F. vulgare seed's essential oil is trans-anethole. F. vulgare (fennel) possesses antioxidant and antidiabeic activities. Transdermal nanoemulsions (NEs) were employed to encapsulate fennel essential oil (FEO) with the aim of attaining effective prolonged antidiabetic action. A large NE existence area was obtained on phase diagrams employing oleic acid; oil phase and Tween20/propylene glycol; Smix in the ratios 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 and water. Encapsulation efficiency was evaluated for trans-anethole (TA) by HPLC analysis and reached 64% in the prepared NEs. NEs were characterized for thermodynamic stability, conductivity, pH, particle size and zeta potential. Values obtained were promising. Permeation profiles for 24 h showed the superiority of FEO NE, F1, which showed also a high potential of reducing plasma glucose levels in rats which continued for 7-days after a single topical application of a dose of 120 mg/kg of FEO. These results highlight the high efficiency of F1, formed of 2% FEO, 5.6% oleic acid, 68% Smix (1:1) and distilled water, in bringing glucose levels to normal in diabetic rats.
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