Abstract
In our previous study, a new compound, octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester, possessing potent acaricidal activity was obtained from neem oil. This study performed RNA-seq transcriptomics and iTRAQ proteomics to uncover the acaricidal mechanism of the compound against Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi. The results of transcriptomics indicated that after treatment with octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester, genes related to “Energy metabolism” were significantly up-/down-regulated, including citrate cycle, oxidative phosphorylation pathway and fatty acid metabolism. Proteomics analysis showed accordant changes of proteins related to oxidative phosphorylation pathway. The target proteins of the compound were NADH dehydrogenase, Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Cytochrome c oxidase, ATP synthase, enolase and superoxide dismutase. In transcriptomics-proteomics correlation analysis, the concordance rate between protein abundances and their corresponding mRNAs was 57%, while others (43%) were discordant changes, suggesting divergent regulating effects of octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester. These results suggested that the acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester attributed to interference with energy metabolism, especially oxidative phosphorylation pathway.
Highlights
Neem (Azadirachta indica), an Indian medicinal herb, is widely planted in many Asian and African countries[1]
The transcriptome annotation showed that the S. scabiei unigenes did not have high similarity in the NR database and the main species distribution was in Stegodyphus mimosarum (22.10%)
Pesticides can affect enzyme activity related to nucleotide synthesis, such as pyrazofurin inhibiting activities of lactate dehydrogenase and orotidylic acid pyrophosphorylase[21]. It has been over eight years since the new acaricidal compound, octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester, had been obtained from neem oil, we still know little about its insecticidal mechanism
Summary
Neem (Azadirachta indica), an Indian medicinal herb, is widely planted in many Asian and African countries[1]. Our previous studies obtained a new compound from neem oil, which was identified as octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester[8,9] (Fig. 1). The activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, Ca2+-ATPase, glutathione-s-transferases, and peroxidase of mites were significantly changed after compound treatment, prompting the hypothesis that octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester could regulate energy metabolism of mites[12]. Transcriptional profiling based on total RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a powerful tool for analyzing changes of gene expression in respond to various environmental stresses[13]. ITRAQ-LC-MS/MS proteomics and RNA-seq transcriptomics of S. scabiei treated with or without octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester were performed for identifying changes of proteins and transcript levels for genes and revealing the acaricidal mechanism of octadecanoic acid-3, 4-tetrahydrofuran diester
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