Abstract
Epimorphic regeneration of appendages is a complex and complete phenomenon found in selected animals. Hemidactylus frenatus, house gecko has the remarkable ability to regenerate the tail tissue upon autotomy involving epimorphic regeneration mechanism. This study has identified and evaluated the molecular changes at gene and protein level during the initial stages, i.e., during the wound healing and repair mechanism initiation stage of tail regeneration. Based on next generation transcriptomics and De novo analysis the transcriptome library of the gecko tail tissue was generated. A total of 254 genes and 128 proteins were found to be associated with the regeneration of gecko tail tissue upon amputation at 1, 2 and 5-day post amputation (dpa) against control, 0-dpa through differential transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. To authenticate the expression analysis, 50 genes were further validated involving RTPCR. 327 genes/proteins identified and mapped from the study showed association for Protein kinase A signaling, Telomerase BAG2 signaling, paxillin signaling, VEGF signaling network pathways based on network pathway analysis. This study empanelled list of transcriptome, proteome and the list of genes/proteins associated with the tail regeneration.
Highlights
Epimorphic regeneration of appendages is a complex and complete phenomenon found in selected animals
Studies related to the patterning of successful regenerated autotomized tail or replica consists mainly of nerve cells networking, unsegmented cartilaginous, muscle cells, blood vessels and differential remodelling of cells which make this an interesting research to comprehend the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the developmentof regenerated tail[10,11,12]
In this study for the first time we have used common house Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus[22] as a model animal to study the genes/proteins associated with tail regeneration during the initial stages of tail regeneration
Summary
Epimorphic regeneration of appendages is a complex and complete phenomenon found in selected animals. The 1–5-dpa stage would shed light on involvement of genes or proteins during wound healing and initiation of proliferation/activation of multiple cells initiating blastema formation which eventually leads to the regeneration of tail. The study of prelude stages of regeneration has been carried out in zebrafish caudal fin[34]; other species[35] and shown changes in the regulation of genes or proteins This stage-specific study has not been carried out in this species- and it is necessary for deciphering the crucial molecules which kick starts the regenerative mechanism in these amniotes. We list out the involvement of crucial genes or proteins and their differential expression associated with the molecular processes in tail regeneration through transcriptome and proteome approaches
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