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Abstract
BackgroundSesame is an important oil crop due to its high oil, antioxidant, and protein content. Drought stress is a major abiotic stress that affects sesame production as well as the quality of sesame seed. To reveal the adaptive mechanism of sesame in response to water deficient conditions, transcriptomic and metabolomics were applied in drought-tolerant (DT) and drought-susceptible (DS) sesame genotypes.ResultsTranscriptomic analysis reveals a set of core drought-responsive genes (684 up-regulated and 1346 down-regulated) in sesame that was robustly differently expressed in both genotypes. Most enriched drought-responsive genes are mainly involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, plant hormone signal transduction photosynthesis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Drought-susceptible genotype was more disturbed by drought stress at both transcriptional and metabolic levels, since more drought-responsive genes/metabolites were identified in DS. Drought-responsive genes associated with stress response, amino acid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species scavenging were more enriched or activated in DT. According to the partial least-squares discriminate analysis, the most important metabolites which were accumulated under drought stress in both genotypes includes ABA, amino acids, and organic acids. Especially, higher levels of ABA, proline, arginine, lysine, aromatic and branched chain amino acids, GABA, saccharopine, 2-aminoadipate, and allantoin were found in DT under stress condition. Combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis highlights the important role of amino acid metabolism (especially saccharopine pathway) and ABA metabolism and signaling pathway for drought tolerance in sesame.ConclusionThe results of the present study provide valuable information for better understanding the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance of sesame, and also provide useful clues for the genetic improvement of drought tolerance in sesame.
Highlights
Sesame is an important oil crop due to its high oil, antioxidant, and protein content
KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that genes involved in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, galactose metabolism, and plant hormone signal transduction were up-regulated by Different drought-responsive genes between DT and DS We further evaluated the difference of global gene expression in each genotype in response to drought stress by comparing the transcriptome change under drought treatments between genotypes
We comprehensively analyzed the global changes in transcript and metabolic profiles in two sesame genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance
Summary
Sesame is an important oil crop due to its high oil, antioxidant, and protein content. With the development of molecule biotechnology, the molecular mechanism of drought response in plants has been gradually unveiled through functional genomics approaches. The ABA signaling pathway is central to drought stress responses in plants, and it has been clearly elucidated by the identification of ABA receptors and other core signaling components [14]. Transcription factors (TFs) are important components involved in transcriptional regulatory network functioning in drought abiotic stress responses. With the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies, RNA-seq is extensively used to unravel the molecular basis of drought responses in many plant species [18,19,20,21,22,23]. Transcriptome analysis of most studies revealed that changes occur in photosynthesis, hormone signal transduction, amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolites, as well as fatty acid metabolism in response to drought stress [20, 21, 23]
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