Abstract
BackgroundEnteroviruses (Picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea. However, the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenicity of enteroviruses in cattle remain unclear. Recently, we isolated a novel EV-F7 strain called SWUN-AB001 from diarrheal yak (Bos grunniens) feces. To explore the pathogenic mechanisms of this novel virus, we used a transcriptomics approach to find genes with differential expression patterns in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells during infection with SWUN-AB001 over time.ResultsMDBK cells were sampled at 12 and 24 h post-infection (hpi) to represent the early and late stages of a SWUN-AB001 infection. Compared with the non-infected cells, 19 and 1050 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified at 12 and 24 hpi, respectively. These DEGs were associated with disease, signal transduction, cellular process and cytokine signaling categories. At 24 hpi, the pathway enrichment analysis revealed that signal pathways such as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/ stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions were associated with the interactions occurring between EV-F7 and MDBK cells. Our additional western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK proteins increased significantly in the MDBK cells at 24 hpi. The result indicated that infection with EV-F7 could activate JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK pathways in MDBK cells, and possibly trigger large-scale cytokine production.ConclusionOur transcriptome analysis provides useful initial data towards better understanding of the infection mechanisms used by EV-F7, while highlighting the potential molecular relationships occurring between the virus and the host’s cellular components.
Highlights
Enteroviruses (Picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea
Viral infection To identify the early and late viral infection periods, Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were infected with EV-F7 SWUN-AB001 (MOI, 0.01) for 6, 12, 24 or 36 h, and examined using an immunofluorescence assay
The EV-F7 infection had no obvious effect on the total or phosphorylated amounts of Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/SAPK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) at 12 hpi, but the amounts of phosphorylated JNK/SAPK and p38 were seen to significantly increase at 24 hpi (Fig. 4). These results indicate that phosphorylation of JNK/SAPK and p38 MAPK might play an important role in EV-F7 replication
Summary
Enteroviruses (Picornaviridae family) have been widely detected in the feces from cattle with diarrhea. Enterovirus (EV) genus (Picornaviridae family) members are small, non-enveloped icosahedral viruses with positive, single-stranded RNA genomes [1] These viruses are widely distributed in humans and some other animal species as A-L groups, with Rhinovirus species belonging to groups A-C [1]. Zhang et al BMC Veterinary Research (2018) 14:395 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, thereby contributing to increased viral replication and secretion of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α [8, 10] Activation of both JNK and p38 MAPK pathways requires active replication of CV-B3, which likely contributes to viral progeny release [9]. These studies indicate that the MAPK pathway plays important roles in the pathology of EV 71 and CV-B3 infections
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