Abstract
Golden cuttlefish Sepia esculenta Hoyle is an economically important cephalopod species. However, artificial hatching is currently challenged by low survival rate of larvae due to abnormal embryonic development. Dissecting the genetic foundation and regulatory mechanisms in embryonic development requires genomic background knowledge. Therefore, we carried out a transcriptome sequencing on Sepia embryos and larvae via mRNA-Seq. 32,597,241 raw reads were filtered and assembled into 98,615 unigenes (N50 length at 911 bp) which were annotated in NR database, GO and KEGG databases respectively. Digital gene expression analysis was carried out on cleavage stage embryos, healthy larvae and malformed larvae. Unigenes functioning in cell proliferation exhibited higher transcriptional levels at cleavage stage while those related to animal disease and organ development showed increased transcription in malformed larvae. Homologs of key genes in regulatory pathways related to early development of animals were identified in Sepia. Most of them exhibit higher transcriptional levels in cleavage stage than larvae, suggesting their potential roles in embryonic development of Sepia. The de novo assembly of Sepia transcriptome is fundamental genetic background for further exploration in Sepia research. Our demonstration on the transcriptional variations of genes in three developmental stages will provide new perspectives in understanding the molecular mechanisms in early embryonic development of cuttlefish.
Highlights
Cephalopods have great potential for aquaculture because of their fast growth rates, short life cycles, high food conversion efficiencies and high economic value [1,2,3,4,5]
To characterize the gene sets encoded by S. esculenta genome, especially genes involved in
To characterize the gene sets encoded by S.atesculenta especially genes involved in embryonic development, we collected embryos cleavagegenome, stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, embryonic development, we collected embryos at cleavage stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, organ forming stage, red-bead stage, heart beating stage, 5–8 days of normal larva and 5–8 days of organ forming red-bead beating
Summary
Cephalopods have great potential for aquaculture because of their fast growth rates, short life cycles, high food conversion efficiencies and high economic value [1,2,3,4,5]. The low survival rate of larvae in artificial hatching was limiting the industrialization of S. esculenta [8]. Development of strategies to improve the survival rate of blastula stage, gastrula stage, organ forming stage, red-bead stage, heart beating stage before hatching artificial hatching in [10]. SepiaDevelopment cultivation required the to understanding in biological of early out as healthy larvae of strategies improve the survival rate ofprocesses artificial hatching embryonic development as well as the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms. Forembryos the identification key genes anddays pathways are a digital among at cleavageofstage (CS), 5–8 healthythat larvae involved the regulation of embryo in Sepia. 5–8 days malformed larvae development (ML) for the identification of key genes and pathways that are involved in the regulation of embryo development in Sepia
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