Abstract
In this review, we will summarize model organisms used by scientists in the laboratory, including Escherichia coli, yeast, Arabidopsis thaliana, nematodes, Drosophila, zebrafish, mice and other animals. We focus on the progress in research exploring different types of E. coli in the human body, and the specific molecular mechanisms by which they play a role in humans. First, we discuss the specific transcriptional regulation mechanism of E. coli in cell development, maturation, ageing and longevity, as well as tumorigenesis and development. Then, we discuss how the synthesis of some important substances in cells is regulated and how this affects biological behaviour. Understanding and applying these mechanisms, presumably, can greatly improve the quality of people's lives as well as increase their lifespan. For example, some E. coli can activate certain cells by secreting insulin-like growth factor-1, thus activating the inflammatory response of the body, while other E. coli can inactivate the immune response of the body by secreting toxic factors.
Highlights
It is well known that life is orchestrated by many signals in the body that are transcribed by our genes
This study revealed the regulatory role of transcription factors in cell function, highlighting the important role that determines regulation in cell function
KLF levels decrease with age in human vascular endothelium [19]. This suggests that keeping KLF levels constant may extend the lifespan of nematodes or humans
Summary
It is well known that life is orchestrated by many signals in the body that are transcribed by our genes. Thereafter, transcriptional regulation is of great significance in maintaining normal intracellular activities and homeostasis Model organisms are those species that have been extensively studied and for which researchers have a deep understanding of their biological phenomena. The model biology experiment can shorten the experimental cycle, so that scientists can find the answer to a question in the shortest time, such as the molecular mechanism of the occurrence of a disease, the molecular mechanism of drug resistance and so on [2]. Exploration of these mechanisms is necessary so that we can take advantage of them (figure 1 and table 1). We will discuss progress in the research on the regulation of transcription in model organisms
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