Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is the primary vector of chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is evolutionarily conserved in many proteins associated with innate immunity in invertebrates and vertebrates, as well as plants. We focused on the AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1 gene expressions in response to Zika virus (ZIKV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection using a time course study, as well as the developmental expressions in the eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. RNA-seq analysis data provided 60 leucine-rich repeat related transcriptions in Ae. aegypti in response to Zika virus (Accession number: GSE118858, accessed on: August 22, 2018, GEO DataSets). RNA-seq analysis data showed that AaeLRIM1 (AAEL012086-RA) and AaeAPL1 (AAEL009520-RA) were significantly upregulated 2.5 and 3-fold during infection by ZIKV 7-days post infection (dpi) of an Ae. aegypti Key West strain compared to an Orlando strain. The qPCR data showed that LRR-containing proteins related genes, AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1, and five paralogues were expressed 100-fold lower than other nuclear genes, such as defensin, during all developmental stages examined. Together, these data provide insights into the transcription profiles of LRR proteins of Ae. aegypti during its development and in response to infection with emergent arboviruses.
Highlights
The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is noted to be evolutionarily conserved among many proteins correlated with innate immunity in an array of organisms, including invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants [1]
In Anopheles mosquitoes, LRIM1, APL1C, and LRR-containing proteins activate complement-like defense responses against malaria by forming a disulphide-bridge that interacts with thioester-containing protein 1 (TEP1), a complement C3-like protein [15,16]
To better our understanding of molecular interactions and the immune response to arbovirus of Ae. aegypti from Florida, we re-examined RNA-seq data to explore the changes in leucine-rich repeat proteins in the Ae. aegypti (Key West and Orlando strains) transcriptome in response to oral ingestion of Zika virus (ZIKV) infected blood and ZIKV infection (Accession number: GSE118858, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds/?term=GSE11)
Summary
The leucine-rich repeats (LRR)-containing domain is noted to be evolutionarily conserved among many proteins correlated with innate immunity in an array of organisms, including invertebrates, vertebrates, and plants [1]. Leucine-rich repeat immune proteins (LRIMs) are a mosquito-specific family of putative innate receptors [11,12,13]. Two LRR proteins, LRIM1 (leucine-rich repeat immune protein 1) and APL1 (Anopheles Plasmodium-responsive leucine-rich repeat 1), have been recognized as major mosquito factors that regulate parasite infection and parasite loads [14]. No detailed information has been generated for pathogen response by the LRR-containing proteins of immune factors in Aedes mosquitoes, responsible for transmitting multiple emerging arboviruses. No sequence-structure-function relationships of mosquito leucine-rich repeat immune proteins in Ae. aegypti in response to arboviruses are available, though the LRR-proteins have been compared with An. gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus [16]. We examined the AaeLRIM1 and AaeAPL1 gene expressions in response to both ZIKV and CHIKV infection using a time course study. Sci. 2019, 20, 615 our understanding of the transcription profiles of Ae. aegypti LRR proteins during development and in response to arbovirus infection
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