Abstract
Nicotine is one of the most toxic secondary plant metabolites in nature and it is highly toxic to herbivorous insects. The overexpression of CYP6CY3 and its homologous isozyme CYP6CY4 in Myzus persicae nicotianae is correlated with nicotine tolerance. The expanded (AC)n repeat in promoter is the cis element for CYP6CY3 transcription. These repeat sequences are conserved in the CYP6CY3 gene from Aphis gossypii and the homologous P450 genes in Acyrthosiphon pisum. The potential transcriptional factors that may regulate CYP6CY3 were isolated by DNA pulldown and sequenced in order to investigate the underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism of CYP6CY3. These identified transcriptional factors, AhR and ARNT, whose abundance was highly correlated with an abundance of the CYP6CY3 gene, were validated. RNAi and co-transfection results further confirm that AhR and ARNT play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the CYP6CY3 gene. When the CYP6CY3 transcript is destabilized by AhR/ARNT RNAi, the transcription of the CYP6CY4 is dramatically up-regulated, indicating a compensatory mechanism between the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 genes. Our present study sheds light on the CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 mediated nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco. The current studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genotypic and phenotypic changes that are involved in insect host shifts and we conclude that AhR/ARNT regulate the expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 cooperatively, conferring the nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco
Highlights
Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most destructive crop pests globally.It causes damage to various host plants directly via direct feeding, plant virus transmission through feeding, and indirectly through honeydew contamination [1]
The current studies shed light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie the genotypic and phenotypic changes that are involved in insect host shifts and we conclude that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/ARNT regulate the expression of CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4 cooperatively, conferring the nicotine adaption of M. persicae nicotianae to tobacco
Herbivorous insects have evolved a complex of regulatory machinery and they have This response is essential for insects to counter the effects of toxins that are generated by host plants
Summary
Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is one of the most destructive crop pests globally. It causes damage to various host plants directly via direct feeding, plant virus transmission through feeding, and indirectly through honeydew contamination [1]. The ability of M. persicae to adapt to new host plants has led to the formation of host races. The best-documented race is associated with tobacco and it is called M. persicae nicotianae [2]. M. persicae sensu stricto (s.s.), there is clear evidence of gene flow between the two taxa [3]. Research has shown that M. persicae clones that were collected from Western Australia are successfully adapted to Lupinus angustifolius, and the improved tolerance of lupanine in their diet might confer this adaptation as compared to non-adapted clones [4]
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