Abstract
In this chapter, different types of conflicts and cooperation activities are analysed as related to water quantity, water quality, water ecosystems and socio-economic issues. Conflicts and cooperation can be developed between countries but also between regions, water districts and municipalities located in the same country. International and national water disputes and conflicts are very much related to different political factors and in some extreme cases may lead to civil wars or to armed confrontation between countries. Well known examples of potential transboundary water conflicts and cooperation achievements are, on the one hand the water conflicts between Israel and its neighbours, the water disputes in the Nile basin, the Pakistan-India issues over the Indus River and the Tigris/Euphrates rivers disputes between Turkey, Syria and Irak and, on the other hand, successful examples of cooperation exist, such as the Danube and the Rhine river basins in Europe and the Great Lakes between US and Canada.
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