Abstract
Background: As an optimal psychological state, flow represents those moments when everything comes together for the performer. Flow is often associated with high levels of performance and is a positive psychological experience.Aim: Our study aimed to validate the “Academic Flow Scale” (Flow 4D 16) in Arabic language across Tunisian population, and to test its factor structure, in terms of internal consistency/reliability, predictive validity, and sensitivity.Methods: The population is composed of 320 students (139 men and 181 women) belonging to the University of Sfax, with a mean age of 22.26 years. The students voluntarily responded to the scale of academic flow (Flow 4D 16). Both exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analyses were performed.Results: The four-dimensional alpha coefficients of the Flow 4D 16 indicate an excellent internal consistency, respectively, of 0.902 (Cognitive), 0.959 (Time), 0.974 (Ego) and 0.960 (Well-being). The CFA fit indices were satisfactory.Conclusion: In summary, the 16-items model (original version) showed for all the indices an excellent fit to the theoretical model, confirming the four-dimensional factor structure among Tunisian student population.
Highlights
The concept of “flow” or “psychological flow” can be defined as “the optimal experience” that a subject can make
Given the importance of the concept of flow in educational contexts and milieus, here briefly overviewed, and given that no instrument exists in Arabic language, the aim of the present study was to provide a trans-cultural validation of the “Academic Flow Scale” (Flow 4D 16)
The results obtained from the correlation matrix between the 16 statements of the Academic Flow indicated that there was a positive correlation at p < 0.001 between most variables
Summary
The concept of “flow” or “psychological flow” can be defined as “the optimal experience” that a subject can make It generally occurs when an individual is engaged in a specific activity with clear goals and high commitment, facing challenges in proportion to his/her skills, fully mobilizing his/her competencies, and dedicating his/her attention to the task. The Hungarian psychologist Mihály Csíkszentmihályi has developed the concept of “flow”, being considered the founding father and the pioneer of the flow studies. His works published between 1975 and 2000 aimed to study the context of appearance and emergence of the optimal experience peak and the structure of pleasure generated. Flow is often associated with high levels of performance and is a positive psychological experience
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