Development and Preliminary Validation of the "Teacher of Physical Education Burnout Inventory" (TPEBI) in Arabic Language: Insights for Sports and Occupational Psychology.

Nasr Chalghaf,Fairouz Azaiez,Riccardo Zerbetto,Noomen Guelmami,Maamer Slimani,Tania Simona Re,Sergio Garbarino,Ottavia Guglielmi,Juan José Maldonado Briegas,Nicola Luigi Bragazzi,Giovanni Del Puente

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00456

Abstract

Background: Burnout is an inappropriate response to chronic work stress, leading to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout can affect workers in the helping professions. To quantitatively assess the burnout level among teachers, Maslach has adapted the “Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI) to the educational environment (the so-called MBI Educators Survey version or MBI-ES). Among teachers, sports and physical education teachers may suffer from burnout due to high workload.Aims: No reliable psychometric tool in Arabic language exists that can be used to measure the burnout level among sports and physical education teachers. The objective of the present study was to develop a burnout measurement scale according to the Maslach’s three-dimensional theoretical model for physical education teachers in Tunisia and to test its factor structure, in terms of internal consistency/reliability, predictive validity, and sensitivity.Methods: A total of 525 Tunisian teachers teaching in secondary schools from different Tunisian governorates volunteered to participate in this study. The sample comprised of 285 males (54.3%) and of 240 females (45.7%). More in detail, 327 were teachers of primary school of physical education (62.3%) and 198 teachers of secondary school (37.7%). Teachers were administered both the ad hoc developed “Teacher of Physical Education Burnout Inventory” (TPEBI) and the MBI-ES. Both exploratory [principal component analysis (PCA)] and confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were excellent (0.93, 0.94, and 0.91 for EE, D, and PA, respectively). The correlation matrix indicated significant correlations between the TPEBI and MBI-ED dimensions. However, CFA fit indices were not completely satisfactory.Conclusion: Given the good PCA factor loadings, the correlation matrix, the sensitivity analysis, and the excellent internal consistency, it can be concluded that the TPEBI is a reliable psychometric tool that can be used to quantitatively assess the burnout level among teachers of physical education in the Arabic-speaking world. However, considering the CFA fit indices, further modifications to fully support the model are warranted.

Highlights

Burnout can be described as an inappropriate response to chronic work stress, which leads to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA)
Based on the different steps and phases mentioned in Section “Materials and Methods,” the ad hoc devised psychometric instrument is made up of 24 items, and the scores of the dimensions are obtained by averaging the items scores
The results suggested that the Greek Maslach Burnout Inventory” (MBI)-ES represented a valid and reliable adaptation of the original instrument, which can be used with confidence for in field investigations aimed to measure burnout

Summary

Introduction

Burnout is an inappropriate response to chronic work stress, leading to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout can be described as an inappropriate response to chronic work stress, which leads to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA). As such, can affect workers in the helping professions, like nurses, doctors, social workers, and teachers. These workers may experience high emotional stress due to frequent and intensive interactions with others. In the field of education, many studies have noted that the teaching profession is becoming more and more stressful, demanding and challenging, and that teacher burnout is an emerging, international psychosocial concern (Koustelios, 2001; Tsigilis et al, 2004; Koustelios and Tsigilis, 2005; Montgomery and Rupp, 2005; Hakanen et al, 2006; Stoeber and Rennert, 2008; Chang, 2009; Skaalvik and Skaalvik, 2011; Liu and Onwuegbuzie, 2012)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion