Abstract
It is essential to understand the impact of different dietary pattern trajectories on health over time. Therefore, we aimed to explore the long-term trajectories of dietary patterns among Chinese adults and examine the prospective association between different trajectory groups and the risk of overweight/obesity. The sample was 9299 adults aged 18 years or older from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) between 1991 and 2018. We used factor analysis to identify dietary patterns and group-based trajectory modeling to identify dietary pattern trajectories. Three trajectories of a southern pattern and a modern pattern and four trajectories of a meat pattern were identified. Participants who followed the highest initial score and a slight decrease trajectory (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.54) of the meat dietary pattern were positively associated with risk of overweight/obesity when compared with the lowest initial score trajectory. The southern dietary pattern and the modern dietary pattern trajectories of participants in Group 2 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.81; OR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.91) and Group 3 (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.91; OR = 0.64; 95% CI: 0.44, 0.90) were associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity when compared with Group 1. We observed that dietary pattern trajectories have different associations with overweight/obesity among Chinese adults.
Highlights
With economic and social development in China comes a growing burden of overweight and obesity [1]
We found that the southern dietary pattern trajectories of participants in Group 2 and Group 3 were associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity when compared with Group 1
We found that the modern dietary pattern trajectories of participants in Group 2 and Group 3 were associated with lower risk of overweight/obesity when compared with Group 1
Summary
With economic and social development in China comes a growing burden of overweight and obesity [1]. More than half of adults are overweight or obese, and the rate continues to rise rapidly among all age groups, according to the 2020 Report on the Nutrition and Chronic Disease Status of Chinese Residents released by China’s National Health Commission. Dietary pattern analysis is considered a complementary approach to provide more practical and meaningful diet information than individual food items, which is why it has been increasingly applied for investigating diet and its relationship to health outcomes [7,8]. Several studies have assessed the association of overweight/obesity with dietary patterns among Chinese adults [9,10,11,12,13,14]. There is still scarce literature with regard to the change in dietary patterns over time and the obesity risks [15]
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