Abstract

Like many other transit modes, the metro provides stop-to-stop services rather than door-to-door services, so its use undeniably involves first- and last-mile issues. Understanding the determinants of the first- and last-mile mode choice is essential. Existing literature, however, mostly overlooks the mode choice effects of traffic safety perception and attitudes toward the mode. To this end, based on a face-to-face questionnaire survey in Shenzhen, China, this study uses the two-sample t-test to confirm the systematic differences in traffic safety perception and attitudes between different subgroups and develops a series of multinomial logistic (MNL) models to identify the determinants of first- and last-mile mode choice for metro commuters. The results of this study show that: (1) Walking is the most frequently used travel mode, followed by dockless bike-sharing (DBS) and buses; (2) Variances in traffic safety perception and attitude exist across gender and location; (3) Vehicle-related crash risks discourage metro commuters from walking to/from the metro station but encourage them to use DBS and buses as feeder modes; (4) DBS–metro integration is encouraged by the attitude that DBS is quicker than buses and walking, and positive attitudes toward the bus and DBS availability are decisive for the bus–metro and DBS–metro integration, respectively; and (5) Substantial differences exist in the mode choice effects of traffic safety perception and attitudes for access and egress trips. This study provides a valuable reference for metro commuters’ first- and last-mile travel mode choice, contributing to developing a sustainable urban transport system.

Highlights

  • Cities are encountering a large number of transport-related problems, including traffic congestion, deteriorated traffic safety situation, air pollution, increased vehicle emissions, environmental degradation, and excessive consumption of natural sources

  • Even though the effects of traffic safety perception and attitudes on mode choice are widely acknowledged, to the knowledge of the authors, limited studies have investigated (1) the impacts of the two psychological factors on the feeder mode choice of the metro; and (2) how the impacts vary across metro commuters’ first- and last-mile trips. To this end, based on a case study of Shenzhen, China, this study explores how the perceived traffic safety and the attitude toward transfer modes correlate to the feeder mode choice of metro commuters

  • Few differences are observed between the two scenarios for dockless bike-sharing (DBS)–metro integration, while metro users have a higher willingness to transfer by buses for home-metro connection than workplace-metro connection

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Summary

Introduction

Cities are encountering a large number of transport-related problems (mainly attributed to the extensive use of private cars or car dependency), including traffic congestion, deteriorated traffic safety situation, air pollution, increased vehicle emissions, environmental degradation, and excessive consumption of natural sources. “Reclaiming the city from cars” has constantly been advocated. Some of these vexing problems (e.g., air pollution) even adversely affect the population’s health [1,2,3]. As a sustainable travel mode, transit (e.g., high-speed rail, metro, commuter rail, light rail, tram, bus rapid transit, and conventional bus transit) provides a high-capacity, medium-/long-distance, and low-emission transport service for residents. It contributes to overcoming car dependence and. Public Health 2020, 17, 9402; doi:10.3390/ijerph17249402 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph

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