Traditional practices and recent advances in Nadi Pariksha: A comprehensive review

Abstract

The significance of Nadi Pariksha is well understood and effectively used by Ayurveda practioners for assessing Tridoshas and various physiological and psychological states of the patient. The traditional texts Sarangadhara Samhita, YogaRatnakara, Basavarajeeyam and Bhavaprakasha have discussed the details of Nadi Pariksha in succinct set of slokas. Ayurveda has thousands of years of rich experience in Nadi Pariksha with strong literature support but is subjective in nature and the need for studying nadi with a scientific approach is well understood. Recently, pulse wave velocity has gained significant research interest as it is considered to be a strong indicator of cardiovascular disease; however, the relevance of pulse wave analysis to Nadi Pariksha has not been studied. In this review, traditional methods of Nadi Pariksha as defined in Ayurveda classics and the recent advances in pulse wave analysis are discussed. As per classical texts, qualities or properties of pulse such as pulse movement (gati), speed of the pulse (vega), stability of the pulse (sthiratva) and hardness of the artery (kathinya) play major role in Nadi Pariksha and in the current review these properties were analyzed and compared with the modern pulse parameters namely pulse wave velocity, pulse rate variability and arterial stiffness. The significance of pulse wave velocity in cardiovascular studies is discussed and the need for extending these studies to Ayurveda is highlighted.