Abstract
Abstract Traditional medicine is cheaper and easily available to local people, to care for most frequent diseases in the Northern parts of Pakistan. Our study aimed at inventorying medicine from local plants, documenting their uses, and assessing their market value in 2015-2018 during spring, summer, and winter seasons. A total of 15 trips were made, 5 in each season. Semi-structured interviews with 165 inhabitant’s age range between 20-80 years were conducted, analyzed the data is analyzed using Relative frequency of citation(RFC), Use Value(UV), Fidelity Level(FL), Informants consensus factor(ICF), and Jaccard index(JI) to find the most frequent and well-known used species in the area. A total of 86 species belonging to 39 vascular plant families, 33 genera were documented as medicinally important. Family Asteraceae was observed as the dominant family among all the families with 10 species, the leaf was the most used parts and decoction 36% was the most preferred preparation type. Herb was the predominant life form (67%). The maximum UV (0.92) was demonstrated by J. adhatoda L. species, while A. sativum L. shows maximum RFC (0.58), the highest ICF value represented by diarrhea and dermatitis 0.92, and high FL value is recorded 100%. According to our collections, wild species were 45%, invasive species were 38% and cultivated 17% recorded, dicots species were recorded more 81%. Seven 7 medicinal species is being economically important and export to the local and international market of the world, whereas P. integrima L. species were the most exported species according to the local dealers. The investigated area is rural and the local people depend on the area's plants for their health needs, and other uses like a vegetable, fuelwood, fodder, etc. The current result of RFC, UV, ICF, FL, and JI shows that medicinal flora needs to be pharmacologically and phytochemically investigated to prove their efficacy. The documentation of medicinal knowledge is important to preserve this precious old knowledge before it is lost forever, due to technological and environmental changes in the world.
Highlights
Ethnobotany is a useful relationship between human beings and vegetation within their environment and its medicinal uses
Dir upper has a total of 6 tehsils and our work is focused on tehsil Wari
The current study aims to documents the diverse indigenous knowledge on the medicinal flora of the previously unexplored area of tehsil Wari upper Dir viz, Matar, Jagam, Cheapar, Nehagdara, Proper Wari, and two mountains Skyland and Karoo
Summary
Ethnobotany is a useful relationship between human beings and vegetation within their environment and its medicinal uses. Ethnobotany is the study of a particular culture and region and the uses of plants for various purposes like medicine, food, shelter, and clothing, etc. (Shuaib et al, 2014) uses in the ethnobotanical society Both highlight the relationship between societies and their environments. Traditional medicine was used in most countries of the World for thousands of years (Seifu, 2004). Traditional medicine is used mostly in rural communities and underdeveloped countries. Plants are the basis for traditional medicine in developing countries all over the World. Throughout the World, herbal medicine has been used for the mitigation, prevention, treatment and management of various ailments since prehistoric times
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