Abstract
ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemic, prisons worldwide have emerged as hotspots for viral transmission. This study adopts a natural experiment approach to examine short-term responses to COVID-19 in prisons. By employing fsQCA methods, it analyzes variations in COVID-19 response across different countries and regions. The findings indicate that restrictive policies and psychological compensation measures are essential, whereas material compensation measures and early release policies are deemed non-essential. Considering resource availability, prison occupancy rates, and punitive culture as differentiated boundary conditions, three policy combinations were identified for effective prison epidemic prevention: (1) restrictive policies + material compensation measures + psychological compensation measures; (2) restrictive policies + material compensation measures + psychological compensation measures + early release policies; (3) restrictive policies + psychological compensation measures + early release policies. When selecting prison epidemic prevention strategies, it is crucial to balance public health concerns with public safety considerations as well as protecting detainees’ rights. Finally, this study has identified systematic working methods, health support working methods, and strengthening psychiatric compensation as effective strategies for responding to COVID-19 in prisons.
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