Abstract
accordance with the Netherlands' established policy of remaining aloof from European power politics, Queen Wilhelmina declared her country's neutrality on the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. 1 The Netherlands, with its six million people, had much to lose and nothing to gain by taking sides. The longer the struggle between the Central Powers and the Allies lasted, however, the more difficult neutrality was to maintain. To be successful, it had not only to rest on the sovereign decision to remain impartial and abstain from participation, but also to be recognized by the belligerents.2 This article explains the competing economic, political, and strategic demands on the Netherlands made by Germany, on one side, and Britain and the United States, on the other.
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