Abstract
Rodríguez, J. P., T. D. Beard, Jr., E. M. Bennett, G. S. Cumming, S. Cork, J. Agard, A. P. Dobson, and G. D. Peterson. 2006. Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society 11(1): 28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01667-110128
Highlights
Human societies have always relied on ecosystem services (ES) to enhance their well-being
Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs arise from management choices made by humans, which can change the type, magnitude, and relative mix of services provided by ecosystems
Trade-offs occur when the provision of one ES is reduced as a consequence of increased use of another ES
Summary
Human societies have always relied on ecosystem services (ES) to enhance their well-being. Observed in human societies (Rodríguez et al 2005) They are frequently linked to the use of a provisioning service, which is traded-off against another ES, e.g., when decisions about increasing agricultural production by increasing fertilizer use have broad-scale effects on water quality. This is illustrated by agricultural production in the USA, which is a compelling example of a spatial ES tradeoff (Tilman 1999, Tilman et al 2002). The principal characteristic of an ES trade-off in time is that the short-term needs of society drive decisions about ES management, purposely or inadvertently ignoring the future consequences of these actions. Current ecological restoration efforts include planting trees in plots contiguous to fields to recover the ES provided by native vegetation (Schofield 1992, Farrington and Salama 1996)
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