Abstract
Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) is a measurement technique to determine the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in an oscillating magnetic field as applied in Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI). State of the art MPS devices are solely capable of measuring the magnetization response of the SPIONs to an oscillatory magnetic excitation retrospectively, i.e. after the synthesis process. In this contribution, a novel in-situ magnetic particle spectrometer (INSPECT) is presented, which can be used to monitor the entire synthesis process from particle genesis via growth to the stable colloidal suspension of the nanoparticles in real time. The device is suitable for the use in a biochemistry environment. It has a chamber size of 72 mm such that a 100 ml reaction flask can be used for synthesis. For an alkaline-based precipitation, the change of magnetic properties of SPIONs during the nucleation and growth phase of the synthesis is demonstrated. The device is able to record the changes in the amplitude and phase spectra, and, in turn, the hysteresis. Hence, it is a powerful tool for an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle formation dynamics during the synthesis process.
Highlights
For MFH the hysteresis curve area should be large enough to deposit the required energy to cause cell ablation
These properties cannot be measured with the help of an Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) device, but they play an essential role in the imaging process as well as in therapeutic applications
There are a variety of techniques for measuring the magnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) such as vibrating sample magnetometry that measures the static magnetization curve and the AC magnetometry, which measures the magnetic susceptibility
Summary
For MFH the hysteresis curve area should be large enough to deposit the required energy to cause cell ablation. The pH of the solution affects the susceptibility of the SPION solution as reported by Lucchini et al.[18] These properties cannot be measured with the help of an MPS device, but they play an essential role in the imaging process as well as in therapeutic applications. The amplitude spectra contain both the even and odd harmonics, odd harmonics are attributed to the particle signal and even harmonics are caused due to the presence of a DC offset magnetic field These MPS devices are able to provide information regarding physical and geometrical particle properties after synthesis completion. X-ray diffraction is very useful in studying mechanochemical reactions[32,33] Contrarily, in-situ Magnetic Particle Spectrometer (INSPECT) does not require any special sample chambers or experimentation setups for conducting syntheses.
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