Abstract
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to investigate the bacterial infections of seminal fluid in males with primary infertility. The patients were referred to and/or visiting the Urology Department in Salah Al-Deen Teaching Hospital. Methods: The present study was carried out from May 2017 to June 2018 and the number of the patients group was 60. The patients aged between 20 to 50 years. Semen was collected from infertile men of a couple that female failed to become pregnant after one year of regular and unprotected intercourse of marriage and submitted for seminal fluid analysis for the bacteriological analyses. The control group consisted of 50 fertile male who were selected randomly from Tikrit City during the period of this study. Semen culture was done for all the patients and the control group. Results: There were 30 patients who suffered from bacteriospermia and 16 of them (53.3%) were infected with gram positive organisms, while only 14 (46.7%) patients were infected with gram negative organisms. The most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus which was isolated from bacteriospermia. Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. saprophyticus, Proteus mirabilis and Niesseria gonorrhoae were also isolated and the frequencies of isolation were 23.3% (7), 13.3% (4), 10.0% (3), 10.0% (3), 6.6% (2), and 6.6% (2) respectively. The present study showed many antibiotics were not active against gram positive bacteria isolated e.g. the resistance frequenciy to rifampcin, vancomycin and clindamycin was 48%, 44% and 40% respectively. Conclusions: The gram positive organisms were more prevalent than gram negative organisms in patients with bacteriospermia and the isolationfrequencies of two groups were 16 (53.3%) and 14 (46.7%) respectively. The most effective antimicrobial agents were amikacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and the least effective one was ceftazidime, whereas moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, azithromycin, moxifloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone were effective at different levels.
Highlights
Resistance to antibiotic is considered as a virulence factor for the pathogenic microorganisms to cause the infections
There were 30 patients who suffered from bacteriospermia and 16 of them (53.3%) were infected with gram positive organisms, while only 14 (46.7%) patients were infected with gram negative organisms
The present study showed many antibiotics were not active against gram positive bacteria isolated e.g. the resistance frequenciy to rifampcin, vancomycin and clindamycin was 48%, 44% and 40% respectively
Summary
Resistance to antibiotic is considered as a virulence factor for the pathogenic microorganisms to cause the infections. The first cases of antimicrobial resistance occurred in the late 1930s and in the 1940s, soon after the introduction of the first antibiotic classes, sulfonamides and penicillin. Common bacteria such as strains of S. aureus became resistant to these classes of antibiotics at record speed. Resistance to multiple drugs was first detected among enteric bacteria namely, E. coli, Shigella and Salmonella in the late 1950s to early 1960s [4]. Such strains posed severe clinical problems and cost lives, in developing countries. This study aims to assess the infection of male genital tract if it happens with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and its impact on male infertility in our locality
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