Traceability of animal meals in quail eggs using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

Adriele Nayara Dias Ishizuka,Juliana Célia Denadai,Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori,Marco Antônio Gonzales De Carvalho,Guilherme Emygdio Mendes Pimenta,Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo,Vladimir Eliodoro Costa

doi:10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01394

Adriele Nayara Dias Ishizuka, Juliana Célia Denadai + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01394

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Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this work was to detect the inclusion of animal meal in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) diets, by analyzing eggs and their fractions (albumen and yolk) through the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes. Four hundred and thirty-two Japanese quails, 45-day-old females, were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, in eight treatments: T1, strictly vegetable diet (VEG), with corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) meal; T2, bovine meat and bone meal (BM); T3, poultry viscera meal (OM); T4, feather meal (FM); T5, BM+OM; T6, BM+FM; T7, OM+FM; and T8, BM+OM+FM. Sixteen eggs were randomly collected from each treatment - eight for whole egg analysis and eight for separate yolk and albumen analyses. To determine the turnover rate, the exponential isotope dilution model was used. The application of C and N stable isotopes allows identifying the use of animal meal in coded diets through the analysis of whole eggs and their fractions, which suggests that this technique is a promising tool for the traceability and certification of products of animal origin.

Highlights

In Brazil, the quail herd grew in 2018, reaching the mark of 16.8 million heads, an increase of 3.90%, compared with 2017, while egg production decreased 2.1% (IBGE, 2019)
The objective of this work was to detect the inclusion of animal meal in Japanese quail diets, by analyzing eggs and their fractions through the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes
The experiment was conducted in the bioclimatic chamber at the Lageado experimental farm of Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia of Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), located in the municipality of Botucatu, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil

Summary

Introduction

In Brazil, the quail herd grew in 2018, reaching the mark of 16.8 million heads, an increase of 3.90%, compared with 2017, while egg production decreased 2.1% (IBGE, 2019). Because of the greater availability and lower cost of ingredients of animal origin, a common practice, in poultry farming, is replacing expensive ingredients, such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] meal and dicalcium phosphate, with animal meals, an alternative source of calcium, phosphorus, and protein (Wang & Parsons 1998; Hendriks et al, 2002) This adds to the current concerns regarding food safety, related to transgenic foods, food adulteration and mislabeling, and worldwide incidents such as mad cow disease, avian influenza, swine influenza, and dioxin contamination (Gottmann, 2008; Bottero & Dalmasso, 2011). The objective of this work was to detect the inclusion of animal meal in Japanese quail diets, by analyzing eggs and their fractions (albumen and yolk) through the technique of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) stable isotopes

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion