Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the plasma levels of the antioxidants and mineral trace elements in three severity groups of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients compared with non-HIV-infected controls. Methods: The plasma levels of antioxidants (Total antioxidant, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid) and trace elements (Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Se) were estimated in spectrophotometrically in controls and patients with CD4 counts <200; 200–499 and ≥500 cells/µL. Results: Plasma uric acid and plasma zinc (Zn) were significantly high, while vitamin E and all the micro trace elements (except Zn) were significantly lower in HIV-infected patients compared to healthy controls human beings. The higher level of plasma uric acid was observed in those with CD4 counts <200 cells/µL. All the trace elements (except Zn) were high levels in HIV subjects with a CD4 count of 200–499 cells/µL compared to >500 cells/µL. Only plasma uric acid and zinc showed significant correlation with CD4 cell count. Conclusion: Routine assessment of antioxidant/ trace element levels in HIV subjects is recommended. This supplementation is given to strengthen the immune system and reduce the adverse consequences of HIV related oxidative stress and sometimes suggests that assessing antioxidant levels or enzymes activities of patients infected with HIV should be considered during therapy. Keywords: trace elements; human immunodeficiency virus; antioxidants; CD4 cell; AIDS; oxidative stress
Highlights
Oxidative stress, defined as a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defenses, is discussed in relation to its possible role in the production of tissue damage in diabetes mellitus
Plasma uric acid was significantly high while the level of Journal of Medical and Scientific Research vitamin E was significantly lower in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients compared with the controls (Table 1)
The mean values of albumin, uric acid, vitamin E, total antioxidant, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were not significantly separate in HIV patients with a CD4 count of
Summary
Oxidative stress, defined as a disturbance in the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses, is discussed in relation to its possible role in the production of tissue damage in diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out to find out whether or not differences exist in the levels of micronutrients/trace elements in HIV patients compared with healthy controls. Another objective was to find out which of these antioxidant micronutrients and trace elements are related to the severity of HIV infection. This may allow identification of the nutritional markers that predict the progression of HIV to AIDS, exploring the possibility of dietary supplementation of HIV patients with antioxidant micronutrients or trace elements in the management of these patients
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