Abstract
Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, an etiological agent of yersiniosis, is a bacterium whose pathogenicity is determined, among other things, by its ability to produce toxins. The aim of this article was to present the most important toxins that are produced by biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica, and to discuss their role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains are able to synthesize variants of thermostable YST enterotoxin and play a key role in the pathogenesis of yersiniosis. Biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica also produce Y. enterocolitica pore-forming toxins, YaxA and YaxB. These toxins form pores in the cell membrane of host target cells and cause osmotic lysis, which is of particular importance in systemic infections. Insecticidal toxin complex genes have been detected in some clinical biotype 1A strains of Y. enterocolitica. However, their role has not yet been fully elucidated. Strains belonging to biotype 1A have long been considered non-pathogenic. This view is beginning to change due to the emerging knowledge about the toxigenic potential of these bacteria and their ability to overcome the defense barriers of the host organism.
Highlights
Bacterial toxins are molecules produced by a wide variety of bacteria that attack host cells
The above authors demonstrated that most Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains isolated from clinical cases of yersiniosis accompanied by diarrhea were capable of producing YST enterotoxin
The differences in the pathogenicity of biotype 1A strains result from regulatory genes that inhibit the expression of yst genes in some strains
Summary
Bacterial toxins are molecules produced by a wide variety of bacteria that attack host cells. 3. Yersinia Stable Toxin—YST pYV plasmids undoubtedly play an important role in the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, but recent research has shown that Yersinia stable toxin (YST enterotoxin) is an important virulent factor. Yersinia Stable Toxin—YST pYV plasmids undoubtedly play an important role in the pathogenicity of Y. enterocolitica, but recent research has shown that Yersinia stable toxin (YST enterotoxin) is an important virulent factor This enterotoxin is soluble in methanol, and it can survive boiling for 10 min [38]. The above authors demonstrated that most Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A strains isolated from clinical cases of yersiniosis accompanied by diarrhea were capable of producing YST enterotoxin. YST-A is produced by strains of Y. enterocolitica belonging to biotypes 1B and 2-5
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