Abstract
BackgroundEnterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world. In this study, simultaneous investigation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm formation ability of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from patients with colorectal cancer was performed.MethodsThirty-one patients diagnosed with CRC and thirty-one control subjects were recruited in this study. Specimens were cultured on BBE and BBA culture media. Classical phenotypic identification tests and PCR was performed to verify Bacteroides fragilis presence. Also, biofilm-forming ability and expression of bft gene were assessed under biofilm and planktonic forms.ResultsA total of 68 B.fragilis was isolated from all colorectal tissue, of which 13 isolates (19.1%) (11 isolates from CRC and 2 from normal tissue) were positive for bft gene. The abundance patterns of I, II and III were as follow in descending order; pattern I > pattern III > pattern II in CRC subjects and pattern II > pattern III > pattern I in normal tissues. Also, pattern I showed higher biofilm formation ability compared to other patterns. Toxin expression was significantly reduced in biofilm form comparing with planktonic form.ConclusionsBased on our findings, there was a difference between the abundance of patterns I, II, and III and biofilm formation in isolates obtained from CRC and normal tissues. Biofilm formation ability and toxin encoding gene (bft) are two main virulence factors in B. fragilis pathogenicity which require more investigation to treat B. fragilis infections effectively.
Highlights
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is the most common carcinogenic bacteria and one of the main environmental factors involved in CRC development [1,2,3]
Due to the importance of toxin and biofilm formation in pathogenicity of Bacteroides fragilis and development of CRC, we have investigated the profile patterns of bft gene i.e. I, II, and III and biofilm formation ability in Bacteroides fragilis isolated from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues in this study
Summary
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) associated with the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been alarmingly reported all over the world. Simultaneous investigation of toxigenic and non-toxigenic patterns I, II and III and biofilm formation ability of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from patients with colorectal cancer was performed. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third common cancer in the world and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 2018 [1]. Several genetic and environmental factors are implicated in CRC development [1]. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is the most common carcinogenic bacteria and one of the main environmental factors involved in CRC development [1,2,3]. After the attachment of Bacteroides fragilis toxin to corresponding receptors, in an ATP-dependent process, cell membrane proteins such as E-cadherin protein is stimulated. By raising the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, this toxin can affect the DNA host as well [6]
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