Toxicological Implications of Platinum Nanoparticle Exposure: Stimulation of Intracellular Stress, Inflammatory Response, and Akt Signaling In Vitro.

Claudia J Labrador-Rached,Laura K Braydich-Stolle,Kristen K Comfort,Rebecca T Browning

doi:10.1155/2018/1367801

Claudia J Labrador-Rached, Laura K Braydich-Stolle + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1367801

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Abstract

Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) have emerged as a material of interest for a number of biomedical therapeutics. However, in some instances NP exposure has been correlated to health and safety concerns, including cytotoxicity, activation of cellular stress, and modification to normal cell functionality. As PtNPs have induced differential cellular responses in vitro, the goal of this study was to further characterize the behavior and toxicological potential of PtNPs within a HepG2 liver model. This study identified that a high PtNP dosage induced HepG2 cytotoxicity. However, lower, subtoxic PtNP concentrations were able to elicit multiple stress responses, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, and modulation of insulin-like growth factor-1 dependent signal transduction. Taken together, this work suggests that PtNPs would not be overtly toxic for acute exposures, but sustained cellular interactions might produce long term health consequences.

Highlights

In recent years, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a major research thrust, with extensive resources and efforts focused on generating and characterizing a library of unique nanosized materials
This study focused on evaluating the safety of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), as they have emerged as particles of interest spanning both the medical and commercial sectors [10,11,12, 21]
Prior to cellular exposure it was essential that the PtNPs underwent a standard battery of characterization assessments, as nanotoxicological potential has been correlated to the unique physicochemical properties of each experimental particle set [4]

Summary

Introduction

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a major research thrust, with extensive resources and efforts focused on generating and characterizing a library of unique nanosized materials. Due to their enhanced surface area to volume ratio, NPs display differential behavior from their bulk counterparts, such as augmented catalytic potential, distinctive plasmonic signatures, and enhanced transport capabilities [1]. The unique physicochemical properties and behaviors associated with NPs have led to their incorporation into hundreds of consumer, medical, and industrial applications [2] This surge in NP usage is accompanied by a corresponding rise in human exposure to these novel materials. NPs have been shown to modify basal cell functionality, even in the absence of cytotoxicity, including the activation of inflammatory and immune responses, modification to gene transcription patterns, and modulation of signal transduction pathways following external stimulation [7, 8]

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