Abstract
In October 2004, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) organized a workshop in Kyoto Japan to outline the fundamental aspects and future directions of the then emerging science of “Toxicogenomics.” The output of this three-day meeting was summarized in the Report of the OECD/IPCS workshop on Toxicogenomics (OECD Series on Testing and Assessment, Number 50, http://www.who.int/ipcs/methods/oecd_report.pdf). In essence, Toxicogenomics was defined as any study that investigates the response of a genome to hazardous substances by means of (1) genomic-scale mRNA expression analyses (Transcriptomics), (2) cell and tissue wide protein expression techniques (Proteomics), or (3) cell and tissue wide metabolite profiling (Metabolomics). These “omic” datasets typically require intricate in silico analyses (Bioinformatics) to integrate the results and by doing so provide insights into mechanistic toxicology and biomarkers of exposure.
Highlights
This Research Topic issue explores our current knowledge pertaining to the multitude of genomic and toxicological tools within non-mammalian organisms, arguably an underdeveloped niche. This e-book begins with five seminal reviews on (1) the yeast system, which focusses on genome-wide responses to chemical stressors linked to Environmental Health, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology; (2) the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, as a model for lead neurotoxicology and Toxicogenomics (Hirsch et al, 2012); (3) the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, to investigate the genome-wide response to metal exposure (Caito et al, 2012); (4) generation sequencing approaches in fish Toxicogenomics (Mehinto et al, 2012); and (5) the application of Toxicogenomics in amphibians (Helbing, 2012)
By spanning a wide taxonomic breadth, this encyclopaedic coverage results in a collection of unique approaches, tools and technologies, which are currently defined by the availability and feasibility for each organism to study the genomics of xenobiotic or stress biology. We anticipate that this information will foster cross-phyla awareness, and expand the horizon of Toxicogenomics
We hope you enjoy this eclectic mix of papers
Summary
This Research Topic issue explores our current knowledge pertaining to the multitude of genomic and toxicological tools within non-mammalian organisms, arguably an underdeveloped niche.
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