Abstract
BackgroundThe frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga.ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to understand the toxicity of cypermethrin with and without a combination of three enzyme inhibitors (PBO, DEM, and TPP) on A. albistriga using a topical bioassay.MethodologyThe in vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to understand the effect of three enzyme inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate along with six different concentration of cypermethrin on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), esterase (EST), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and mixed-function oxidase (MFO) of A. albistriga.ResultsBioassay shows elevated LC50 for cypermethrin (63.32 ppm) whereas in a combination of PBO cypermethrin LC50 values were reduced into 12.039 ppm followed by TPP combination as 13.234 ppm. In vitro and in vivo inhibition analysis shows AChE inhibition by PBO P < 0.01, esterase inhibition by PBO, and TPP were less; GST inhibition by DEM was observed at P < 0.001. Native PAGE results revealed that the in vitro AChE isoenzyme inhibition could be possible by PBO synergism with cypermethrin in A. albistriga.ConclusionsThe overall results conclude that the PBO and TPP enzyme inhibitors could be fine synergist molecules when it mixed with cypermethrin insecticide to control and manage the insecticide-resistant Amsacta albistriga in the field.
Highlights
The frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga
Many studies revealed that the development of insecticide resistance mechanisms in most of the insect species is mediated through increased activity of major detoxifying enzymes, such as esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and mixed-function oxidases cytochrome P450 monooxygenases
Bioassay The bioassay reports of the present study conclude that cypermethrin in combination with synergist was more toxic as compared to cypermethrin alone
Summary
The frequent usage of broad-spectrum insecticides like cypermethrin in agriculture activities could lead to the development of resistance in insects like Amsacta albistriga. In agriculture-based countries like India, pests and weed management are most important to get more yields. Like India, 20–30% of agriculture yield reduction occurs each year due to the interruption. During the past three decades, more than 540 insect species have developed resistance against broad-spectrum insecticides (Gullan and Cranston 2005). Many studies revealed that the development of insecticide resistance mechanisms in most of the insect species is mediated through increased activity of major detoxifying enzymes, such as esterase, glutathione S-transferase, and mixed-function oxidases (or) cytochrome P450 monooxygenases. The target site insensitivity such as insensitive acetylcholinesterase is involved in multiple resistance mechanisms (Yu et al 2003; Muthusamy et al 2013)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
