Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the toxicity of 2–chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (2–ClBMN) and hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system. 2–Chlorobenzylidene malononitrile is the active ingredient of a wide range of materials used against civil disturbances and in war. It interacts locally with receptors of sensory nerves in skin and mucosae causing uncomfortable sensations at the contaminated area with reflex effects. Study of acute inhalation toxicity of 2–ClBMN generated in the form of pyro-technique smoke has been reported. 2–ClBMN releases its active metabolites such as cyanide and benzaldehyde into the body and manifests its toxic effects at various levels. This chapter describes the interactions of mixed function oxidase system (MFOS) with 2–ClBMN and its metabolites. Studies on toxicity of 2–ClBMN and MFOS show that 2–ClBMN and benzaldehyde impair cytochrome P-450 structure and function, probably irreversibly. However, the microsomal protein level remains unaltered. Cyanide acts on MFOS directly, and sodium thiosulphate and sodium nitrite release MFOS from the effects of cyanide by interactions of cyanide with antagonists and subsequent removal from the site of reaction.
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