Abstract
The Brazilian Cerrado has several botanical species for medicinal purposes used by traditional communities and many of these plants are not included in the list of Medicinal Plants Research Program of Central Medicines. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical screening and toxicology bioassay front of Brine shrimp L. of ethanolic extracts of eight species of plants used in folk medicine of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The ethanolic extracts were submitted to phytochemical screening, determination of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Toxicological assays were carried front of Brine shrimp according to standard methodology. The analysis TLC and HPLC-DAD confirmed the predominance of phenolic compounds and derivatives, specifically for the quercetin. The most toxic was the C. affinis DC. with death at all concentrations, the A. humile A. St. Hil. showed no mortality and the other species showed intermediate toxicity. The extracts of the investigated species are rich in phenolic compounds and derivatives, specifically quercetin, and feature toxicity between moderate to high, a fact that requires attention, since much of the traditional communities rely on herbal drugs in its raw form with preventive and curative purpose, meeting the basic health care.
Highlights
O Cerrado brasileiro possui diversas espécies botânicas com fins medicinais utilizadas por comunidades tradicionais e muitas dessas plantas não estão incluídas na lista do Programa de Pesquisa de Plantas Medicinais da Central de Medicamentos
The results of the analysis in TLC revealed the presence of quercetin in all samples except the C. adamantium, and for this species occurred the revelation of other flavonoids
Regarding the phenolic compounds just B. dracunculifolia and P. ruderale indicated retention factors (Rf) equal to the gallic acid and the revelators indicated characteristic bands in the presence of other phenols (Table 2). These results are in agreement with the average of total phenols and flavonoids (Table 3), which were higher and statistically equal to the ethanol extract of G. americana and M. tinctoria, and statistically different from the other extracts
Summary
The practice of TM in the country, in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul, takes place under the strong influence of traditional communities (TC) (Oliveira et al, 2011) (pantaneiros, quilombolas, fisherman, indigenous people, family farmers and raizeiros), which holds one extensive knowledge about plants and their environment (Albuquerque et al, 2008). These solutions were submitted to phytochemical analysis (Harborne, 1998), performed in triplicate and compared to the control sample (extracts at 20%) and the readings of the results were made by observing the color change and precipitation of the filtrate according to Fontoura et al (2015)
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