Abstract
The study was carried out to investigate the toxicity of water extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits on catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions for 96 hours with 30 fingerlings treated with each of the six graded concentrations (0g/300ml, 15g/300ml, 30g/300ml 45g/300ml, 60g/300ml and 75g/300ml) of dried fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera. The study showed that the higher the concentration of the extract the higher the mortality of fingerlings while the toxicity of the extract reduced with time. Fifty percent mortality of the fingerlings was recorded at 24, 20 and 16 hours for 45g/300ml, 60g/300ml and 75g/300ml concentrations of extracts respectively. The result also showed that there were significant differences (P 0.05) in relation to mean mortality of fingerlings. The treated fingerlings were observed to show erratic swimming and loss of balance at high concentrations of extract. It is recommended that more studies be carried out on other parts of Tetrapleura tetraptera and their effect on different fish species.
Highlights
Physical, toxic and emulsifying properties of the powdered aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the ripe fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera have been reported by Orafidiya et al (1994), Olaifa and Adenuga (1988)
The results show that 96.67% of catfish fingerlings survived in the control experiment throughout the 96 hours duration of the experiment while in other treatments the fingerlings reacted to water fruit extracts
Time for 100% mortality for 75g/300ml of the concentration of the water extracts of Tetrapleura tetraptera was 40 hours while 50% mortality was recorded at 15 hours for the same concentration
Summary
Physical, toxic and emulsifying properties of the powdered aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the ripe fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera have been reported by Orafidiya et al (1994), Olaifa and Adenuga (1988). Based on the toxic properties, the main objectives of the study are to evaluate the water extract of ripe and dried fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera for its potential as fish poison and to determine the mortality rates of the different graded concentrations of the extract as well as observe behavioural changes in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings subjected to these graded concentrations
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