Toxic effects of various zinc dosages on poultry hemopoiesis

Aleksandr Vishnyakov,A Zheltenkov,A Mottaeva

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202016406011

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the main patterns of the manifestation of the toxic effect of zinc chloride on the cells of the red bone marrow in the first three days after exposure. Our experiment involved broiler chickens of the “Smena-7” cross. The work presents new data on the effects of zinc salts in doses of 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg on the hemopoietic cells of the red bone marrow of birds at the ultrastructural level. Thus, the results of the study showed zinc poisoning of chickens even within 1-3 days led to damage to bone marrow cells. The cytoplasm of blood-forming and stromal cells of the bone marrow detects mostly signs of destructive processes, which are amplified as the duration and the dose of exposure increase. At the same time, the structure of cell nuclei often gets changed in the bone marrow. Emerging morphological signs indicate a decrease in the transcription of ribosomal RNA genes of bone marrow cells. In the bone marrow, the number of basophil erythrokaryocytes increases and the number of hemoglobinized forms of red blood cells decreases. Zinc mainly causes disorders of morpho-functional structures in erythroblasts and mature cells of other bone marrow cell lines.

Highlights

The intensive development of industry in recent years has made the problem of pollution and the survival of mankind in these conditions a central problem of our time and has affected all areas of human activity
Heterochromatin in the nuclei of the macrophages degraded, it was defined in the form of rounded and vague dark islets in karyoplasm (Figure 1)
Erythroblasts and erythrokaryocytes of erythroblastic islets surrounding these macrophages were characterized by morphological changes (Figure 2)

Summary

Introduction

The intensive development of industry in recent years has made the problem of pollution and the survival of mankind in these conditions a central problem of our time and has affected all areas of human activity. The technological processes went out of control resulting in a rapid accumulation of non-biosphere substances (radionuclides, heavy metals, and other toxicants) [1]. Among the major environmental pollutants, there are heavy metals and xenobiotics, which excessive entering trophic chains is dangerous for the health of animals and humans [2]. Ions of such heavy metals as zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, molybdenum, and others with increased content in the environment can inhibit the vitality of many living organisms and induce a non-enzyme cleavage of chemical bonds in DNA molecules leading to single- and bi-string cleavages with the formation of chromosomal aberrations, which influences the synthesis of DNA in the cell and causes the genome repression [3,4,5].

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