Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
This study is aimed at compiling the toxicological aspects of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) including pesticides among different animal models. Tests on animal species like Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PEC-Q) test, DNA repair assays and histopathological examinations have shown positive results for the toxicity of organochlorine pesticides. The results were observed on different animals including fishes, furseals, frogs, rats, bats and humans. In fishes, endosulfan is found to have acute toxicities. Similarly, organophosphorus, synthetic pyrethroids and microbial insecticides were also found to show their toxic effects. Some compounds such as lambda-cyhalothrin showed a very high toxicity on fish followed by fenvalerate, deltamethrin and cypermethrin. Exposure to OCCs can impart foe cell death by inducing Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Pathway (MAPK) which is associated with cell growth differentiation and apoptosis. On studying the genotoxic effects of OCCs on germ cells of mouse, it was observed that a lethal mutation can occur just after one mating interval. Increase in the number of micronucleated cells has also been seen after OCC exposure. Neuro-behavioural studies on rats showed the presence of tremors caused by chlordecone and p,p’DDT. Tumorigenicity by organochlorine pesticides is seen to be an epigenetic mechanism in a DNA repair assay. Acute poisoning was seen in liver, kidney and testis of albino rat due to the toxic effect of dursban and DDT. Great declines in populations have been seen due to OCC toxicity in different animal species. Direct and indirect exposure to these compounds should be reduced so as to minimize the possible health hazards.
Highlights
Organochlorines are the compounds which contain a minimum of one covalently bonded chlorine atom
To know the toxicity of organochlorine compounds (OCCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 845 stream sites across United States, 5 principal components have been identified that account for 77% of total variance of OCCs
The data in this study presents the effect of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) to be vast and devastating
Summary
Organochlorines are the compounds which contain a minimum of one covalently bonded chlorine atom. It has been observed that absorption of organochlorines through skin and gut wall is greatly increased by fat and fat solvents These compounds are volatile and their significant part is stored in fat tissue and is excreted through biliary and urinary pathways, while storable lipophilic compounds could be excreted from maternal milk. Mammals have high chances of increased organochlorine concentration as most of them occupy high trophic levels in food chains and food web, accumulating more of the toxic compounds in their body. The accumulation of DDT in animals had caused various reproductive problems including the thinning of the eggshells of certain species of birds This was resulting in the loss of off-springs of birds as these were not able to develop properly during their early embryonic growth, as the egg would hatch before complete development and the new born bird would die.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
