Toxic effect of 2,4-D on cytology of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek

Abstract

Farmers’ preference for cultivation of Mung bean (Vigna radiata) especially in the activity of sprout germination can exhibit zestful features while in bio-physiological and metabolical actions. Desiring for improved use of this habitually consumed crop for its ranges of medicinal values which possesses anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, metabolic accommodation of lipid, and antitumor effect, and many more scientists are working on it in order gather more evidences. The current study utilised concentrations of 50, 100, 500, and 1000 ppm in mung bean somatic cells to determine the toxicity of 2,4-D. Each concentration is treated for a length of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Low concentration (50 ppm) pollutants were exposed for 24 hours in Mung bean, and the mitotic index decreased with the increased exposure times of 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours. Mitotic indexes dropped, whereas chromosomal abnormalities rose. The mitotic index had a propensity to decline as pollution concentrations rose concurrently. Some of the common anomalies seen across all treatments include C-metaphase, star shaped, binucleate, micronuclei, sticky anaphase erosion, chromosomal distributional error, chromosomal clumping, and failure of cell plate formation. Chromosome stickiness at 50 ppm, increased cell size at 100 ppm, chromosomal compression at 500 ppm, and chromosomal disintegration at 1000 ppm are relatively prevalent among all the treatments. For such crops, which have numerous uses, biomonitoring is necessary. This study can provide guidelines for determining the proper pesticide dose for extensive farming.