Abstract
Technology has become ubiquitous, it is all around us and is becoming part of us. Together with the rise of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm and enabling technologies (e.g., Augmented Reality (AR), Cyber-Physical Systems, Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain or edge computing), smart wearables and IoT-based garments can potentially have a lot of influence by harmonizing functionality and the delight created by fashion. Thus, smart clothes look for a balance among fashion, engineering, interaction, user experience, cybersecurity, design and science to reinvent technologies that can anticipate needs and desires. Nowadays, the rapid convergence of textile and electronics is enabling the seamless and massive integration of sensors into textiles and the development of conductive yarn. The potential of smart fabrics, which can communicate with smartphones to process biometric information such as heart rate, temperature, breathing, stress, movement, acceleration, or even hormone levels, promises a new era for retail. This article reviews the main requirements for developing smart IoT-enabled garments and shows smart clothing potential impact on business models in the medium-term. Specifically, a global IoT architecture is proposed, the main types and components of smart IoT wearables and garments are presented, their main requirements are analyzed and some of the most recent smart clothing applications are studied. In this way, this article reviews the past and present of smart garments in order to provide guidelines for the future developers of a network where garments will be connected like other IoT objects: the Internet-of-Smart-Clothing.
Highlights
Smart wearables can be defined as electronic devices intended to be located near, on or in the body to provide intelligent services that may be part of a larger smart system thanks to the use of communications interfaces.Smart clothes can be created by embedding smart wearables into garments
Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC) tags attached to objects can be read from a certain distance through a reader embedded into a smart garment [73]
Remote storage systems (e.g., cloud-based storage systems, Network-Attached Storage Systems (NAS)) provide remote access and often redundancy to the stored data, but their management usually depends on external companies that may be exposed to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, which affect the availability of the service, and that in many cases are not be able to guarantee the integrity and trustworthiness of the data
Summary
Smart wearables can be defined as electronic devices intended to be located near, on or in the body to provide intelligent services that may be part of a larger smart system thanks to the use of communications interfaces. According to a 2016 European Commission report [23], there are signs that indicate that wearables and smart garments will be utilized in the near future on a much larger scale For such applications, the generation of wearables, fabrics and garments needs to be flexible, fashionable, and ideally, in some cases, invisible.
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