Abstract
This paper summarizes ISRN’s 3-years research on the occurrence of dawn and dusk to mark the timings of the Fajr and Isha prayers. We acquired the astronomical data not only in Indonesia but also in Malaysia, the US, Egypt, and Turkey. It will be an attempt to compile a global twilight pattern in the future. The main instrument used is a Sky Quality Meter (SQM) that records the sky brightness data. For quality assurance, ISRN-UHAMKA employed dozens of imaging sensors ranging from an All Sky Camera, different types of DSLR, and gadget cameras. From hundreds of astronomical data, we have collected; it seems that the occurrence of the real twilight to mark the Fajr prayer throughout the world is the same. That is when the sun is at its depression angle of around 120-130. Likewise, the dusk to mark the end of the Maghrib prayer also occurs when the sun is at a solar depression angle around 120-130. Meanwhile, Muslims in the world use different solar depression angles ranging from -150 to -200.fields.
Highlights
Dawn (Arabic: Fajr) has long been the interest of the world’s inhabitants as it marks the beginning of a day whereby creatures have to start their lives in seek- ing the bounty provided by their creator
The government of Indonesia has long set that the dawn occurs when the sun is at its depression angle of 200 below the east- ern horizon, while the dusk appears when the sun is at the dip of 180 below the western horizon
The comprehensive summary of Islamic Science Re- search Network (ISRN)’s research concludes that the average value of the presence of the dawn and dusk is when the sun is at -13.4odepression angle for the Fajr and 13.0o for Isha’
Summary
Dawn (Arabic: Fajr) has long been the interest of the world’s inhabitants as it marks the beginning of a day whereby creatures have to start their lives in seek- ing the bounty provided by their creator. For Muslims, it even more emphasizes as the moment marks the first moment of submission before the Almighty by performing the Fajr prayer. The sun is still below the horizon at certain dip (sun depression angle), the sun- light has started lightening the sky. It happens because the atmosphere layers around the earth have reflected and spread the sunlight onto the sky. The government of Indonesia has long set that the dawn occurs when the sun is at its depression angle of 200 below the east- ern horizon, while the dusk appears when the sun is at the dip of 180 below the western horizon
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