Abstract
In the energy transition, multi-energy systems are crucial to reduce the temporal, spatial and functional mismatch between sustainable energy supply and demand. Technologies as power-to-heat (PtH) allow flexible and effective utilisation of available surplus green electricity when integrated with seasonal heat storage options. However, insights and methods for integration of PtH and seasonal heat storage in multi-energy systems are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we developed methods for improved integration and control of a high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system within a decentralized multi-energy system. To this end, we expanded and integrated a multi-energy system model with a numerical hydro-thermal model to dynamically simulate the functioning of several HT-ATES system designs for a case study of a neighbourhood of 2000 houses. Results show that the integration of HT-ATES with PtH allows 100% provision of the yearly heat demand, with a maximum 25% smaller heat pump than without HT-ATES. Success of the system is partly caused by the developed mode of operation whereby the heat pump lowers the threshold temperature of the HT-ATES, as this increases HT-ATES performance and decreases the overall costs of heat production. Overall, this study shows that the integration of HT-ATES in a multi-energy system is suitable to match annual heat demand and supply, and to increase local sustainable energy use.
Highlights
Introduction published maps and institutional affilTo limit global warming, governments aim to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels [1,2,3,4] and transition to renewable energy sources
In previous work [13,24], we evaluated the potential benefit of a high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system that is used for seasonal heat storage in a multi-energy system, and compared four multi-energy systems (MES) designs [25]
We describe the results of the scenario model runs assessed on the heat fulfilment by the (HT-ATES) system to the neighbourhood, the performance of the heated and stored through the (HT-)ATES, the differences in costs (LCOE) between scenarios, and we combine these results in an overall analysis of the performance
Summary
Introduction published maps and institutional affilTo limit global warming, governments aim to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by the use of fossil fuels [1,2,3,4] and transition to renewable energy sources. As a result of the transition to renewable sources, the energy system will, in part, become more decentralized with energy production by e.g., photovoltaic systems (PV) and, on a small scale, wind, brought closer to consumers [2,3] These types of renewable energies are intermittent and storage facilities are required to overcome the temporal mismatch between availability of and demand for energy [5,6,7]. These mismatches can (partly) be overcome by the introduction of multi-energy systems (MES), as they provide possibilities for system integration [8,9,10,11] In such integrated systems, production of sustainable electricity and heat, as well as storage and conversion of these commodities, are integrated with the goal to efficiently maximize the utilisation of available sustainable energy and to balance supply and demand.
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