Abstract
A significantly large scope is available for the scientific and engineering developments of high-throughput ultra-high sensitive oxygen sensors. We give a perspective of oxygen sensing for two physical states of matters—solid-state nanomaterials and plasma. From single-molecule experiments to material selection, we reviewed various aspects of sensing, such as capacitance, photophysics, electron mobility, response time, and a yearly progress. Towards miniaturization, we have highlighted the benefit of lab-on-chip-based devices and showed exemplary measurements of fast real-time oxygen sensing. From the physical–chemistry perspective, plasma holds a strong potential in the application of oxygen sensing. We investigated the current state-of-the-art of electron density, temperature, and design issues of plasma systems. We also show numerical aspects of a low-cost approach towards developing plasma-based oxygen sensor from household candle flame. In this perspective, we give an opinion about a diverse range of scientific insight together, identify the short comings, and open the path for new physical–chemistry device developments of oxygen sensor along with providing a guideline for innovators in oxygen sensing.
Highlights
On-site oxygen sensing at the point of care (PoC) is an imperative and timely issue
The standard of detecting specific elements or molecules with ultra-high sensitivity among various PoC technologies is a continuous debate, which needs to be resolved to address the current demand (Suleman et al (2021)). In this perspective, we communicate our opinion about diverse methods of nanomaterials and plasma for highly sensitive and cost-effective oxygen sensors with an aim towards miniaturization and PoC—Figure 1.1
Towards developing single-molecule nanofluidics devices and plasma-based oxygen sensors from a candle flame towards PoC realizations, we show two newly proposed methods
Summary
On-site oxygen sensing at the point of care (PoC) is an imperative and timely issue. It is not a trivial problem to solve from the engineering perspective in spite of the well-established fundamental science. (3B) Linear response of TiS2 nanomaterials with respect to the concentration of oxygen gas. (6) Ashby plot—progress of material recovery time of nanomaterial-based oxygen sensor with respect to year of published papers. We investigate the compatibility of existing nanomaterial-based oxygen-sensing mechanisms in PoC applications and their sensitivity and response time in the context of optical and electronics systems. Beyond the solid-state phase of matter, the electrically highly conductive state that is plasma will be indispensable in detecting molecular parameters due to the strong long-range electric and magnetic field interactions The latter part of the article discusses the physics of plasma in oxygen sensing. Towards developing single-molecule nanofluidics devices and plasma-based oxygen sensors from a candle flame towards PoC realizations, we show two newly proposed methods
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