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Abstract
Through a series of experiments, we have measured the extent to which 3D visualizations of a variety of lighting conditions in an indoor environment can accurately convey primary perceptual attributes. Our goal was to build and rigorously test perceptually accurate visual simulation tooling, which can be valuable in the design, development, and control of complex digital solid-state lighting systems. The experiments included assessments of lighting-related perceptual attributes in a real-world environment and a variety of virtual presentations. Iteratively improving choices in modeling, light simulation, tonemapping, and display led to a robust and honest visualization pipeline that provides a perceptual match of the real world for most perceptual attributes and that is nearly equivalent in perceptual performance to photography. One persistently difficult attribute is scene brightness, as observers consistently overestimate the brightness of dimmed scenes in virtual presentations. In this paper we explain the experimental 3D visualization pipeline variables that were addressed, the perceptual attributes that were measured, and the statistical methods that were applied to evaluate our success.
Highlights
Human-centered illuminated environments are developed through creative steps, including optics design, luminaire architecture, lighting design, control system optimization, and scene authoring, as well as essential communication with clients and/or suppliers at each stage
The goal of this paper is to summarize research conducted to assemble and evaluate a Philips 3D liquid-crystal display (LCD) (3D) visualization pipeline optimized for perceptual accuracy in the presentation of lit indoor environments
Atmosphere terms and assessments were originally outlined by Vogels [15], and their relationship to lighting characteristics were studied by Vogels, Seuntiens, and others [16, 17]
Summary
Human-centered illuminated environments are developed through creative steps, including optics design, luminaire architecture, lighting design, control system optimization, and scene authoring, as well as essential communication with clients and/or suppliers at each stage. All of these steps can become clearer and more concrete with a trustworthy visual preview of the resulting light distribution, in the context of a detailed scene, including the compound effects of multiple light fixtures. A series of experiments was conducted which show that properly-prepared virtual, on-screen presentations of rendered 3D visualizations of a lit environment can result in observers’ assessments of relevant perceptual attributes which correspond closely to the assessments made of a similar environment in the real world
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