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Abstract
Nowadays, we are to find out solutions to huge computing problems very rapidly. It brings the idea of parallel computing in which several machines or processors work cooperatively for computational tasks. In the past decades, there are a lot of variations in perceiving the importance of parallelism in computing machines. And it is observed that the parallel computing is a superior solution to many of the computing limitations like speed and density; non-recurring and high cost; and power consumption and heat dissipation etc. The commercial multiprocessors have emerged with lower prices than the mainframe machines and supercomputers machines. In this article the high performance computing (HPC) through parallel programming paradigms (PPPs) are discussed with their constructs and design approaches.
Highlights
The numerous computational concentrated tasks of the computer science like weather forecast, climate research, the exploration of oil and gas, molecular modelling, quantum mechanics, and physical simulations are performed by the supercomputers as well as mainframe computer
Concurrency and Parallelism: The terms concurrency and parallelism must be clear in our minds first
The structured parallel programming construct is introduced as a structured region
Summary
The numerous computational concentrated tasks of the computer science like weather forecast, climate research, the exploration of oil and gas, molecular modelling, quantum mechanics, and physical simulations are performed by the supercomputers as well as mainframe computer. Due to the recent advances in the hardware technologies, we are leaving the von Neumann computation model and adopting the distributed computing models which have peer-to-peer (P2P), cluster, cloud, grid, and jungle computing models in it [1] All these models are used to achieve the parallelism and are high performance computing (HPC) models. It is a common practice to execute various programs concurrently by the computing machines It may have the architecture with multiprocessors (various CPUs) which share the common memory space as shown in the Fig. (a) or another architecture that may have multiprocessors with their independent memories or distributed memories as shown in the Fig. (b). It is the big challenge for the scientists to utilize these hardware technologies efficiently, effectively, and these processors may work cooperatively. The article contains more sections which are organized as follows: the related works will be available in the section 2
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