Abstract
The purpose of this work was to transform a regional biowaste into value-added chemicals and products through a modest thermo-catalytic pyrolysis process. ZSM-11 (Zeolite Socony Mobile-11) zeolites modified by nickel (Ni) incorporation (1–8 wt%) were synthesized and characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction, Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy, Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy, UV–Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectra and Temperature Programmed Reduction. Results demonstrated that Ni was mainly incorporated as oxide. These porous materials were evaluated as heterogeneous catalysts to improve biooil composition. In this sense, higher hydrocarbon yields, and quality chemicals were obtained and oxygenates were diminished. The deactivation of the most active material was studied over six cycles of reaction. In order to achieve the circular bioeconomy postulates, the obtained biochar (usually considered a residue) was further transformed through a physicochemical activation. The obtained activated biochars were extensively characterized.
Highlights
In its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations promotes the principle of optimum and responsible usage of resources for purposes leading to a convincing transition to a circular economy
Taking Olofsson and Borjesson [8] ideas, and in order to minimize residues generation, we propose a case of open-loop recycling by employing the biochar in a subsequent system: synthesis of activated biochar (AB)
It was observed that the reduction in SBET was larger when the initial SBET was higher
Summary
In its 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nations promotes the principle of optimum and responsible usage of resources for purposes leading to a convincing transition to a circular economy. The main idea of the so-called circular economy consists in advanced redesigning and technological breakthroughs to minimize waste [1]. From these ideas, the concept of “circular bioeconomy” is proposed to be a more efficient biobased renewable resource management. Considering its importance for food production, a competitive situation should be avoided. In this sense, agricultural wastes are PS contains around 50% cellulose, 20% hemicellulose and 30% lignin [4] that makes it difficult to digest and unable as feedstock for animals. In a previous paper [5] we have shown the importance of this thermal process
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