Abstract
Curtailing the effects of environmental pollution being a major problem encountered by third-world countries, this study was embarked on to reduce the effect of land and water pollution caused by improper disposal of dye used by industries by using readily available agricultural waste like peanut Shell, bentonite clay and its composite. Analysis that was used included Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Some physical parameters were considered too: Absorbent load, Contact time, pH and Concentration. The results from the SEM, EDX and FTIR showed the adsorptive capacities of the absorbents, it’s functional and the compounds contained. The result of the physical parameters for adsorbent load; Peanut shell the percentage removal increase from 26.93%-28.0% .For bentonite clay increase from 7.05%-8.24%. The combination of both peanut shell and bentonite increased from 93.22%-95.40%. For the contact time the dye removal percentage increase from 99.13%-99.37% which later decreased to 98.16%.Bentonite clay decreased from 71.09%-69.53% and later increased to 70.13%. The combination decreased from 52.33%-51.29% and increased to 52.60%bbut decreased at the last lap to 50.83% At 60-80minutes optimal time was achieved due to saturation of active sites for high removal of dye efficiency. pH was observed too which varied. Peanut shell shows that the percentage removal increased from 61.89%-62.37% then decreased to 60.87%.Bentonite clay decreased from completely from 99.72%-97.58%. The combination decreased from 32.14%-31.94% then increased to 33.54%.We can say that for the peanut shell and the combination of both peanut shell and bentonite clay pH was increased slightly at the acidic side.
Highlights
Water pollution as a result of waste water from textile industry represents a great challenge, and activated carbon is a common adsorbent used to remove hazardous contaminants such as dyes from wastewater
The following apparatus were used for this study: analytical balance, mesh sieve (0.2micrometers), spatula, cylinder (10 ml, 50 ml and 100 ml), Erlenmeyer fask (250 ml), pH metre, beakers (50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml and 1000 ml), funnel, 1 liter bottle, 1 yard of cotton cloth, Whatman filter paper (102 mm, 150 mm and 24 cm), storage bottles, foil paper, timer, magnetic stirrers, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Hitachi S-3400N, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), Ultraviolet Spectrometer PG instruments T80+, dropper pipette, masking tape, gloves, hot plate - IKA RCT basic, scissors and stirring rod
The SEM images of the adsorbents after adsorption of dye are shown in Plates 4 to 6
Summary
Water pollution as a result of waste water from textile industry represents a great challenge, and activated carbon is a common adsorbent used to remove hazardous contaminants such as dyes from wastewater. Dyes are coloured compounds suitable for colouring textiles, wool, leather, paper and fibres. Natural dyes such as indigo have been in use for over 5000 years. Paper and pulp, paint, printing and cosmetic industries contain significant amount of these dyes and must be treated to bring down their concentration to permissible limit before discharging into water bodies as required by environmental regulation act. The high solubility of dyes in water results in their wide dissemination into the environment, making them detrimental to crops, aquatic life and human health (Zhao et al, 2011)
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